Developing speaking Fluency of University of Technology' MSc students by Using the 4/3/2 Technique Developing speaking Fluency of University of Technology' MSc students by Using the 4/3/2 Technique
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23813/FA/24/4/21Keywords:
Keywords: speaking, fluency development, the 4/3/2 techniqueAbstract
In the new. global world. EFL teaching.gradually changed from a traditional.grammar-based model way of teaching to a communicative. Language. Leaching approach to teaching. So, a variety of methods. was appeared. to help the EFL learners. to develop. their speaking. skills. This is lack of speaking fluency practice sometimes, is not sufficient to maintain a communicative task in EFL class. Therefore, this study is an attempt to develop the speaking skills of 53 MSc students at University of Technology. By using a pre and post-test , the researcher collect the data then analyze results which show that there is a good portion of development in students' speaking skills after using this the 4/3/2 technique.
References
Ajie, Zhou. A Further Study of the Effects of the 4/3/2 Technique on Spoken English Production. Retrieved on 28 May 2013.
http://www.celea.org.cn/teic/65/65-12.pdf
Bamford, Julian and Ricard R. Day. Extensive Reading Activities for Teaching Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
Brown, H. Douglas. Teaching by Principles:An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy. New York:Prentical Hall Regents Prentice-Hall,Inc, 1992.
……………………, Language Assessment: Principle and Classroom Practices. New York: San Francisco State University, 2004.
Christina and Isabelli Gercia. Development of Oral Communication Skill of Abroad. (Retrieved on February, 22 2012),http://174.120.165.92/overview/domain.aspx?q=frontiersjournal.com
Cohen, Louis. Lawrence Manion And Keith Morrison. Study Methods in Education. Six Ed. New York: Routledge, 2007.
Cyril, J. Weir. Communicative Language Testing. New York: Prentical Hall, 1990.
Dina, Al-Sibai. Oral Fluency.2004. (Retrieved on February, 29 2012)http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/dinaalsibai/Study%20Papers/12.%20Oral%20 Fluency%20Lit%20Review.pdf
English, Eve and John Williamson.Meeting the Standards in Primary English. New York: Routhledge Falmer, 2005.
Fillmer, H. Thompson. Patterns of Language. New York: Litton Educational publishing, Inc., 977.
Gay, L.R and Peter Airasian. Educational Study Competencies for Analysis and Application.Sixth Ed. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 2000.
Hasibuan Kalayo and Muhammad Fausan Ansyari. Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL). Pekanbaru; Alaf Riau Graha Press, 2007.
Hedge, Tricia. Key Concept in ELT. Article ELT Journal Volume 47/3 July 1993
http://eltj.oxfordjournals.org/content/47/3/275.full.pdf. 26. (Retrivied on January, 18 2012)
Huges, Arthur. Testing for Language Teacher.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
Jhon.W.Cresswell. Educational Study: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Study. New Jersey: Pearson Education,2008.
Jong, Nel De. Developing Fluency. retriveRetrievehttp://learnlab.org/uploads/mypslc/talks/lotecolloquium_ march08_2.ppt (Retrieved on December, 28 2012),
Louma, Sari. Assessing Speaking. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
Marian, J Rossiter, et al. Oral Fluency: The Neglected Component in the Communicative Language Classroom. 2010. Unpublished.
M. Syafi’i S. Et al. The Effective Paragraph Developments: The Process of Writing for Classroom Setting. Pekanbaru: LBSI, 2007.
Muijs, Daniel. Doing Quantitative Study in Education. London: Sage Publication, 2004.
Nation, I S P., and J Newton. Teaching ESL/EFL Listening and Speaking. New York:Routledge, 2009.
………….,Improving Speaking Fluency. Great Britain:Pergamon Press Plc, 1990.
Nunan, David. Practical English Language Teaching. Sydney: McGraw Hill, 2003.
Radford, Andrew. English Syntax. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
Ricard, Jack C., John Platt, and Heidi Platt. Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics. Harlow: Longman, 1992.
Schmidt, Rhicard. Psychologycal Mechanisms Underlying Second Language Fluency.http://nflrc.hawai.edu/PDfs/Schmidtpsychologicalmechanismsund erlyingscodlanguagefluency.pdf. Retrivied on: June 19 2012 (11.56 a.m)
Sr, Jemes D. Lester, and James D. Lester, Jr. Writing Study Papers. A Complete Guide. Eleventh ed. New York: Pearson Longman, 2005.
Singh, Yongesh Kumar. Fundamental of Study Methodology and Statistics. New Delhi: New Age International Publisher, 2006.
Suryawira, Charisudin. The Effect on the Students’ Oral Fluency at SMPN5 Malang. Retrieved on 28 May 2013. http://karyailmiah. um.ac.id/index.php/sastra-inggris/article/view/18214
Thornbury, Scott. An A-Z of ELT: A Dictionary of Terms and Concepts used in English Language Teaching. Malaysia: Macmillan, 2006. Learning English. British Broadcasting Corporation: World Services. 2003
Ur, Penny. A Course in Language Teaching: Practice and Theory. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 بان كاظم عبد
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
