Response of growth characteristics of bread wheat cultivars to seeding quantities

Abstract

An experiment was carried out in the field of the Department of Field Crops at the College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, during the two winter seasons 2001-2002 and 2002-2003, in order to study the response of some growth traits of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to different levels of seeding quantities. The experiment included ten varieties of bread wheat (Tammuz 2, Tammuz 3, Abu Ghraib 3, Ibaa 95, Ibaa 99, Sally, Al-Rashid, Iraq, Al-Fath and Rabia) as main treatments and four quantities of seeds (80, 160, 240 and 320) kg/ hectares as secondary treatments using a split-plate design with three replications. There were significant differences between the cultivars as well as between the quantities of seeds, in the two seasons and for the studied traits except for the length of the spike. The best number of tillers per square meter (458.33 and 512.99) were obtained from plants of Al-Fateh cultivar and Abu Ghraib 3 cultivar, using a seeding amount of 320 kg / h for the two years in a row. Although there was a decrease in the flag leaf area with an increase in the seeding quantities, the highest leaf area ( 53.46 and 52.96) cm 2 for the plants of the two cultivars, Iraq and IPA 95, using a seeding amount of 80 kg/ha. The highest plant height was obtained from the cultivation of Sali cultivar and Rabia cultivar, using 320 kg/ha in the two seasons, respectively. The response of wheat cultivars to the seed quantities varied in their effect on the index The best significant interaction for grain yield (4894.33 and 4867.00) and (5306.33 and 5204.66) kg/ha was obtained by both cultivars of Al-Fatah and Iraq, with the amount of seeding 240 kg/ha in the seasons 2001-2002 and 2002-2003, respectively. We recommend planting the two cultivars Al-Fateh and Iraq using a seeding amount of 240 kg/ha in the central region of Iraq.