University students' attitude towards emigration outside the country

Abstract

Abstract :

Immigration is one of the oldest social phenomena that has accompanied man's existence on earth.  In many cases, it was a means of survival and preservation of the species against the natural and social crises.  Academically, immigration is studied nowadays by several sciences: sociology, anthropology, economics, politics and psychology.  Sociology especially concentrates on this phenomenon because it is a collective behavior on which important results on the general social organization of the communities are based.  The other social sciences support sociology in a collective unity that aims at gaining a comprehensive objective knowledge of all the taken and results of this phenomenon.

In Iraq, in spite of the detailed examples of the immigration of the Iraqi degree holders, especially since the international sanction that were imposed on Iraq in 1991, the problem has worsened after the American occupation of Iraq in 2003.  This needs to be studied from a psychological-social perspective to identify whether it is serious or marginal to the social movement.

Based on the above, the researcher aimed at identifying the tendency of the university students with regards to immigration abroad.

To achieve the aim of the present study, the following psychometric procedures were conducted:

• The study used the "Immigration Tendency" scale prepared by Nadhmi (1999) which consisted, in its final form, of 34 items and which had five options to respond to.
• The clarity of the items and options were verified by a pilot study conducted on a sample from the studied community.
• Consistency of the present study was achieved by using the division-into-half method. It was 0.88.
• The method was applied on a sample from the studying community of 140 under-graduate students, males and females, from the morning studies. After dealing  statistically with the data, the following results were achieved:
• The sample had a positive tendency to immigration abroad.
• There is a statistical significance in the variable of sex in favour of the males.
• There is a difference in the variable of specialization in favour of the scientific specialization.

Based on the results of the study and its final conclusions, a number of suggestions are stated to conduct further studies that might participate in answering the theoretical and psychometric questions raised by this study.  These questions  need more research and clarification.