The Effect of Educational Units Based on the Knowledge Chart Strategy (K.W.L) on Learning the Handball Skills of Passing and Shooting Among Students

Abstract

This study aims at identifying the impact of the Knowledge Table (KWL) strategy, based on modeling-based learning, on students' learning of handball passing and shooting skills. The researcher adopted an experimental approach using a two-group equivalent groups design with pre- and post-tests. The research sample consisted of (70) first-year students from the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, College of Basic Education, University of Diyala, for the academic year (2025-2026). They were randomly divided into two groups: experimental and control, with (35) students in each group. The researcher implemented an educational program based on the Knowledge Table strategy, supported by modeling, for a period of (12) weeks, with one learning unit per week, each unit lasting (90) minutes. This program included teaching handball passing and shooting skills through activating prior knowledge, raising questions, presenting movement models, and guided and free practical application. The researcher used a set of standardized skill tests to measure the level of learning of the basic handball skills, namely (passing and receiving, and shooting). The data were statistically analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The results showed statistically significant differences between the pre-tests and post-tests in favor of the post-tests for the experimental group in learning the handball passing and shooting skills. The experimental group also outperformed the control group in the tests. The post-test demonstrated the effectiveness of the knowledge table strategy, based on modeling-based learning, in improving students' learning of handball passing and shooting skills. The researchers concluded that integrating metacognitive strategies with modeling-based learning effectively contributes to enhancing cognitive interaction and improving students' motor learning. The researcher recommended adopting modern educational strategies that place the student at the center of the learning process, while employing modeling and modern educational tools in teaching sports skills.